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Incontinencia intestinal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Paso incontrolable de heces; Pérdida del control intestinal; Incontinencia fecal; Incontinencia de los intestinos

Definición:

Es la pérdida del control de las evacuaciones que da como resultado el paso involuntario de las heces. Esto puede ir desde una pequeña filtración ocasional de heces con el paso de gases hasta una pérdida completa del control de las deposiciones.

La incontinencia urinaria, un tema aparte, es la incapacidad de controlar el paso de la orina.

Consideraciones generales:

Entre las personas mayores de 65 años, la mayoría de los sondeos encuentran que las mujeres experimentan incontinencia intestinal con mayor frecuencia que los hombres. De una a tres de cada 1,000 mujeres informan sobre pérdida del control de las evacuaciones al menos una vez por mes.

Para retener las heces y mantener la continencia, el recto, el ano, los músculos pélvicos y el sistema nervioso deben funcionar normalmente. Además, uno tiene que tener la capacidad física y mental de reconocer y responder a las ganas de defecar.

Causas comunes:

  • Estreñimiento crónico que hace que los músculos del ano y los intestinos se estiren y se debiliten, llevando a que se presente diarrea y escape de heces (ver: encopresis)
  • Consumo crónico de laxantes
  • Colectomía o cirugía del intestino
  • Disminución de la conciencia de la sensación de llenura rectal
  • Problemas emocionales
  • Cirugía ginecológica, prostática o rectal
  • Lesión en los músculos del esfínter anal debido al parto (en las mujeres)
  • Daño nervioso o muscular (a raíz de traumatismo, tumor o radiación)
  • Diarrea intensa que supera la capacidad de controlar el paso de las heces
  • Hemorroides o prolapso rectal graves
  • Estrés por un ambiente desconocido
  • Reviewed last on: 11/23/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Nelson H. Diseases of the rectum and anus. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 148.

Rao SSC. Fecal incontinence. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 17.

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