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Dolores musculares - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Mialgia; Dolencias musculares; Dolor en los músculos

Definición:

Los dolores musculares son comunes y pueden comprometer más de un músculo. El dolor muscular también puede involucrar ligamentos, tendones y fascia, los tejidos blandos que conectan los músculos, huesos y órganos.

Ver también:

Consideraciones:

El dolor muscular suele estar muy relacionado con tensión, sobrecarga o lesión muscular por un ejercicio o trabajo físicamente exigente. En estas situaciones, el dolor muscular tiende a comprometer a músculos específicos, comienza durante o justo después de la actividad y su causa en estos casos usualmente es bastante obvia.

El dolor muscular también puede ser un signo de enfermedades que afectan todo el cuerpo, como algunas infecciones (incluyendo la gripe) y trastornos que afectan los tejidos conectivos en todo el cuerpo (como el lupus).

Una causa común de dolores y molestias musculares es la fibromialgia, una afección que involucra sensibilidad en los músculos y tejido blando circundante, dificultades para dormir, fatiga y dolores de cabeza.

Causas:

Las causas más comunes son:

  • Lesión o trauma, tales como los esguinces y distensión muscular.
  • Sobrecarga: usar demasiado el músculo, muy pronto o con excesiva frecuencia.
  • Tensión o estrés.

El dolor muscular también puede deberse a:

  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Uinversity of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Filho JAF, Pestronk A. Muscle pain and cramps. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008:chap 28.

Childers MK, Feldman JB, Guo HM. Myofascial pain syndrome. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 96.

Brinker MR, O’Connor DP, Almekinders LC, et al. Physiology of Injury to Musculoskeletal Structures: 1. Muscle and Tendon Injury. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 1, section A.

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