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Dolor de rodilla - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Dolor en las rodillas

Causas:

El dolor de rodilla generalmente es consecuencia de:

  • Sobrecarga
  • Falta de forma durante la actividad física
  • No hacer precalentamiento o enfriamiento
  • No realizar suficiente estiramiento

Las causas simples de dolor de rodilla a menudo se resuelven espontáneamente con cuidados personales. Por otro lado, tener sobrepeso puede ponerlo en mayor riesgo de problemas de rodilla.

El dolor de rodilla puede ser causado por:

  • Dolor anterior de rodilla.
  • Artritis: incluyendo artritis reumatoidea, osteoartritis y gota.
  • Quiste de Baker: una hinchazón llena de líquido localizada detrás de la rodilla que puede ocurrir con hinchazón (inflamación) por otras causas, como artritis.
  • Bursitis: inflamación a causa de presión repetitiva sobre la rodilla, como arrodillarse por períodos prolongados, sobrecarga o lesión.
  • Trastornos del tejido conectivo, como lupus.
  • Dislocación de la rótula.
  • Síndrome de la banda iliotibial (un trastorno de la cadera relacionado con una lesión de la banda gruesa que va desde la cadera hasta la parte exterior de la rodilla).
  • Infección en la articulación.
  • Lesiones de rodilla: una lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior o una lesión del ligamento lateral interno pueden causar sangrado dentro de la misma, lo cual empeora el dolor.
  • Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter.
  • Tendinitis: un dolor en la parte frontal de la rodilla que empeora al subir y bajar escaleras o cuestas.
  • Desgarro del cartílago (una ruptura de meniscos): dolor que se siente en la parte interior o exterior de la articulación de la rodilla.
  • Ruptura de ligamentos (ruptura del LCA): lleva a que se presente dolor e inestabilidad de la rodilla.
  • Distensión muscular o esguinces: lesiones menores en los ligamentos causados por torceduras súbitas o no naturales.

Las afecciones menos comunes que pueden conducir a dolor de rodilla abarcan tumores óseos.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/4/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Frontera WR, Silver JK, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:section 7.

Honkamp NJ, Shen W, Okeke N, Ferretti M, Fu FH. Knee: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the adult. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 23, section D.

Huddleston JI, Goodman SB. Hip and knee pain. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED Jr, et al, eds. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 42.

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