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Movimientos descoordinados - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Falta de coordinaci贸n; P茅rdida de la coordinaci贸n; Alteraci贸n de la coordinaci贸n; Deterioro de la coordinaci贸n; Ataxia; Torpeza; Movimiento descoordinado

Definici贸n:

Es un problema con el control muscular o una incapacidad para coordinar los movimientos de una manera fina. Esta afecci贸n se denomina ataxia.

脡sta lleva a que se presente un movimiento espasm贸dico, inestable y de vaiv茅n de la mitad del cuerpo (tronco) y marcha inestable (estilo de caminar).

Consideraciones:

El movimiento elegante y suave requiere de un fino equilibrio entre los diferentes grupos de m煤sculos. Este equilibrio lo controla una parte del cerebro denominada cerebelo.

Causas:

Las enfermedades que lesionan el cerebelo, la m茅dula espinal y los nervios perif茅ricos pueden interferir con el movimiento muscular normal y ocasionar movimiento muscular descoordinado, espasm贸dico y tosco.

Las lesiones o enfermedades cerebrales que pueden causar movimientos descoordinados abarcan:

Intoxicaci贸n o efectos t贸xicos por:

  • Alcohol.
  • Medicamentos como aminoglutetimida, anticolin茅rgicos, fenito铆na, carbamazepina, fenobarbital y antidepresivos tric铆clicos y cualquier sedante.
  • Metales pesados como el mercurio, el talio y el plomo.
  • Disolventes como el tolueno o el tetracloruro de carbono.

Otras causas abarcan:

  • Ciertos c谩nceres en los cuales los s铆ntomas pueden aparecer meses o a帽os antes de que se diagnostique el c谩ncer (lo que se denomina s铆ndrome paraneopl谩sico).
  • Problemas con los nervios en las piernas (neuropat铆a).
  • Lesi贸n o da帽o a la columna (como las fracturas por compresi贸n de la columna).
  • Reviewed last on: 2/5/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Griggs R, Jozefowicz R, Aminoff M. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 418.

Subramony SH. Ataxic disorders. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 22.

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