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Entumecimiento y hormigueo - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Pérdida de sensibilidad; Parestesias; Pérdida de las sensaciones; Hormigueo y entumecimiento

Definición:

Son sensaciones anormales que pueden ocurrir en cualquier parte del cuerpo, pero con frecuencia se sienten en los dedos de las manos, las manos, los pies, los brazos o las piernas.

Causas:

Hay muchas causas posibles para el entumecimiento y el hormigueo:

  • Permanecer en la misma posición sentado o parado por un tiempo prolongado.
  • Lesión a un nervio (una lesión en el cuello puede hacer que uno sienta entumecimiento en cualquier sitio a lo largo del brazo o la mano, mientras que una lesión en la parte baja de la espalda puede causar entumecimiento u hormigueo en la parte postero-inferior de la pierna).
  • Presión sobre los nervios raquídeos, como a raíz de una hernia discal.
  • Presión en nervios periféricos por vasos sanguíneos agrandados, tumores, tejido cicatricial o infección.
  • Culebrilla o infección por herpes zóster.
  • Falta de riego sanguíneo a un área (por ejemplo, por ateroesclerosis o congelación).
  • Otras afecciones, como:
  • Niveles anormales de calcio, potasio o sodio en el cuerpo.
  • Falta de vitamina B12 u otra vitamina.
  • Uso de ciertos medicamentos.
  • Daño a nervios debido al plomo, el alcohol o el tabaco.
  • Radioterapia.
  • Mordeduras de animales.
  • Picaduras de insectos, garrapatas, ácaros y arañas.
  • Toxinas en mariscos.
  • Reviewed last on: 4/3/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Creager MA, Libby P. Peripheral arterial disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Saunders; 2007:chap 57.

Rowland LP. Diagnosis of pain and paresthesias. In: Rowland LP, ed. Merritt's Neurology. 11th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:chap 5.

Mahoney BD. Spinal cord injuries. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 30.

Farmer BM, Dowsett RB, Nelson LS. Seafood Toxins. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 343.

Suchard JR. Scorpion envenomation. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 357.

Playe SJ. Mammalian bites and associated infections. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 361.

Burns MJ. Insect, tick, and mite bites and infestations. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 360.

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