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Agitación - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Inquietud

Definición:

Es un estado desagradable de activación cerebral (emoción o excitación) extrema, aumento de la tensión e irritabilidad.

Consideraciones generales:

La agitación puede aparecer repentinamente o con el paso del tiempo y puede durar sólo unos cuantos minutos, o semanas e incluso meses. El dolor, el estrés y la fiebre la pueden empeorar.

La agitación por sí sola puede no ser un signo de un problema de salud; sin embargo, si está acompañada de otros síntomas, puede ser un signo de una enfermedad.

Cuando la agitación dura por horas y hay un cambio en la lucidez mental (alteración de la conciencia), los médicos a menudo llaman a esto delirio. El delirio siempre tiene una causa médica.

Causas comunes:

Hay muchas causas de la agitación, algunas de las cuales son:

  • Abstinencia o intoxicación con alcohol
  • Intoxicación con cafeína
  • Intoxicación o abstinencia de drogas adictivas (como cocaína, marihuana, alucinógenos, PCP u opiáceos)
  • Hospitalización (los adultos mayores a menudo tienen delirio mientras están en el hospital)
  • Hipertiroidismo
  • Infección (con mayor frecuencia en personas de edad avanzada)
  • Exámenes médicos que impliquen la inyección de un "medio de contraste" en el paciente
  • Abstinencia de nicotina
  • Teofilina u otros medicamentos
  • Deficiencia de vitamina B6

La agitación también puede ocurrir con trastornos cerebrales o de salud mental, como:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2010
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Michelle Benger Merrill, MD, Instructor in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Park JM, Park L, Prager LM. Emergency psychiatry. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 87.

Rossi J, Swan MC, Isaacs ED. The violent or agitated patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010;28:235-256.

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