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Enfermedad pilonidal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Absceso pilonidal; Quiste pilonidal; Fístula pilonidal

Definición:

Es una afección que se presenta en cualquier parte a lo largo del pliegue entre los glúteos, el cual va desde el hueso en la parte inferior de la columna (sacro) hasta el ano.

La enfermedad pilonidal puede aparecer como:

  • Un absceso pilonidal, en el cual los folículos pilosos resultan infectados y se acumula pus en el tejido graso.
  • Un quiste pilonidal, en el cual se forma un quiste o agujero si ha habido un absceso por mucho tiempo.
  • Una fístula pilonidal, en la cual se forma un conducto bajo la piel o más profundo a partir del folículo piloso.
  • Un pequeño hoyuelo o poro en la piel que contiene manchas o vellos oscuros.

Consideraciones:

Los síntomas pueden abarcar:

  • Pus que puede drenar hasta un pequeño hoyuelo en la piel
  • Sensibilidad sobre el área después de que usted está activo o se sienta por un tiempo
  • Área inflamada, sensible y caliente cerca del cóccix

Causas:

La causa de la enfermedad pilonidal no es clara. Se piensa que es causada por vello que crece dentro de la piel en el pliegue que se encuentra entre los glúteos.

Es más probable que el problema se presente en personas que:

  • Son obesas
  • Experimentaron traumatismo o irritación en el área
  • Tienen vello corporal excesivo
  • Se sientan durante períodos prolongados
  • Usan ropa apretada
  • Reviewed last on: 12/17/2010
  • Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Klein MD, Thomas RP. Surgical conditions of the anus, rectum, and colon. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 341.

Nelson H, Cima RR. Anus. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 51.

Humphries AF, Duncan JE. Evaluation and management of pilonidal disease. Surg Clin North Am. 2010;90:113-124.

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