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Polihidramnios - Overview

Definición:

Es la presencia excesiva de líquido amniótico rodeando al bebé antes de nacer.

Consideraciones generales:

El amniótico es un líquido transparente y ligeramente amarillento que rodea al feto durante el embarazo y está contenido en el saco amniótico.

Mientras está en el útero, el bebé flota en el líquido amniótico. Este rodea y protege al bebé a lo largo de su desarrollo. La cantidad de líquido amniótico es mayor alrededor de la semana 34 del embarazo (gestación).

El líquido amniótico constantemente se mueve (circula) a medida que el bebé traga e "inhala" el líquido y luego lo libera o "exhala" a través de la orina.

El líquido amniótico ayuda a:

  • Que el bebé en desarrollo se mueva en el útero, lo cual permite el crecimiento apropiado de los huesos
  • Que los pulmones se desarrollen adecuadamente
  • Mantener una temperatura relativamente constante alrededor del bebé, protegiéndolo de la pérdida de calor
  • Proteger al bebé de una lesión externa amortiguando golpes o movimientos súbitos

Causas comunes:

El polihidramnios se puede presentar si el feto no traga y absorbe el líquido amniótico en cantidades normales, lo cual puede suceder debido a:

El polihidramnios también puede estar relacionado con el aumento en la producción de líquido, lo cual ocurre con:

  • Ciertos trastornos pulmonares del feto
  • Gestación multifetal (por ejemplo, mellizos o trillizos)
  • Hidropesía fetal

Algunas veces, no se encuentra ninguna causa específica para el polihidramnios.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Stoll BJ. High-risk pregnancies. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 95.

Gilbert WM. Amniotic fluid disorders. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, eds. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone; 2007:chap 31.

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