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Sordera neurosensorial - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Sordera nerviosa; Hipoacusia neurosensorial; Hipoacusia adquirida; Hipoacusia inducida por ruidos; HAIR

Definición:

Es la pérdida auditiva que ocurre por daño al oído interno, al nervio que va del oído al cerebro (nervio auditivo) o al cerebro.

Consideraciones:

Los síntomas pueden abarcar:

  • Ciertos sonidos parecen demasiado fuertes
  • Dificultad para seguir conversaciones cuando dos o más personas están hablando
  • Dificultad para escuchar en áreas ruidosas
  • Mayor facilidad para oír las voces de hombres que las voces de mujeres
  • Dificultad para diferenciar sonidos chillones (como "s" o "th") entre si
  • Las voces de otras personas suenan como murmullos o mal articuladas
  • Problemas para oír cuando hay un ruido de fondo

Otros síntomas abarcan:

Causas:

La parte interna del oído contiene células pilosas diminutas (terminaciones nerviosas), las cuales transforman los sonidos en señales eléctricas. Los nervios llevan luego estas señales al cerebro.

La hipoacusia neurosensorial es causada por el daño a estas células especiales o a las fibras nerviosas en el oído interno. Algunas veces, la hipoacusia es causada por el daño al nervio que lleva las señales al cerebro.

La sordera neurosensorial puede estar presente en el nacimiento (congénita), con mayor frecuencia debido a:

La hipoacusia neurosensorial puede presentarse en niños o adultos posteriormente en la vida (adquirida) como resultado de:

En algunos casos, la causa se desconoce.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/31/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies; University of Washington School of Medicine; and Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hildebrand MS, Husein M, Smith RJH. Genetic sensorineural hearing loss. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 147.

.

Arts HA. Sensorineural hearing loss in adults. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2010:chap 149.

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. NIH Pub. No. 97-4233. Updated: October 2008.

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