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Coloboma del iris - Overview

Definición:

Es un agujero o defecto del iris del ojo. La mayoría de los colobomas están presentes desde el nacimiento (congénitos).

Consideraciones:

Los colobomas del iris pueden lucir como un agujero redondo y negro localizado dentro o al lado de la parte coloreada del ojo (iris). También pueden aparecer como una muesca negra de diferentes profundidades en el borde de la pupila, dándole a ésta una forma irregular o pueden igualmente presentarse como una fisura en el iris desde la pupila hasta el borde de éste.

Un coloboma pequeño, especialmente si no está adherido a la pupila, puede hacer que una imagen secundaria se enfoque en la parte posterior del ojo, ocasionando:

El defecto puede incluir la retina, la coroides o el nervio óptico.

Los colobomas generalmente se diagnostican al nacer o poco después.

Causas:

El coloboma puede ocurrir debido a:

  • Cirugía del ojo
  • Afecciones hereditarias
  • Traumatismo de ojo

La mayoría de los casos de coloboma son de causa desconocida y no se relacionan con otras anomalías. Un pequeño porcentaje de personas con coloboma tiene otros problemas hereditarios del desarrollo.

  • Reviewed last on: 10/31/2009
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Abnormalities of pupil and iris. In: Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 621.

Guercio JR, Martyn LJ. Congenital malformations of the eye and orbit. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2007;40:113-140.

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