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Tiraje intercostal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Retracciones de los músculos del tórax

Definición:

El tiraje intercostal corresponde al movimiento de los músculos hacia adentro entre las costillas, como resultado de la reducción de la presión en la cavidad torácica. Los movimientos usualmente son un signo de dificultad respiratoria.

Consideraciones generales:

La pared torácica es flexible, hecho que facilita la respiración normal. Los cartílagos que unen las costillas al esternón permiten el libre movimiento de las estructuras óseas, de tal manera que la caja torácica pueda expandirse y contraerse.

Los músculos intercostales son los músculos que se encuentran entre las costillas. Durante la respiración, estos músculos se contraen y empujan la caja torácica hacia arriba, mientras que el diafragma se desplaza hacia abajo. Esto expande el tórax y hace que el aire llene los pulmones.

Cuando la vía respiratoria alta (tráquea) o las pequeñas vías respiratorias de los pulmones (bronquiolos) resultan parcialmente obstruidos, el flujo de aire se restringe. Como resultado, los músculos intercostales se retraen entre las costillas. Esta retracción de los músculos del tórax hacia adentro es un signo de obstrucción de las vías respiratorias. Las enfermedades o afecciones que causan restricción de la vía respiratoria ocasionarán tiraje intercostal.

  • Reviewed last on: 4/26/2010
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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