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Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) - Risks

Nombres alternativos

Punción cisternal; Cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo; Punción lumbar; Punción raquídea; Punción ventricular

Riesgos:

Los riesgos de la punción lumbar son, entre otros:

Sangrado en el conducto raquídeo
Molestia durante el examen
Dolor de cabeza después del examen
Reacción de hipersensibilidad (reacción alérgica) al anestésico
Infección introducida por la aguja al penetrar la piel

Existe un aumento del riesgo de sangrado en personas que toman anticoagulantes.

Se puede presentar una hernia cerebral si este examen se realiza en una persona con una masa en el cerebro (como un tumor o un absceso). Esto puede ocasionar daño cerebral o muerte. Este examen no se hace si otro examen o prueba revelan signos de una masa cerebral.

Puede ocurrir un daño a los nervios en la médula espinal, particularmente si la persona se mueve durante el examen.

La punción cisternal o la punción ventricular conllevan riesgos adicionales de daño al cerebro o a la médula espinal y sangrado dentro del cerebro.

Consideraciones:

Este examen es particularmente peligroso para personas con:

Un tumor en la parte posterior del cerebro que esté ejerciendo presión sobre el tronco encefálico.
Problemas de coagulación sanguínea.
Trombocitopenia.

Química del LCR

Vértebras lumbares

Reviewed last on: 6/18/2011
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Kevin Sheth, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Griggs RC, Jozefowicz RF, Aminoff MJ. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 418.

Rosenberg GA. Brain edema and disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 63.

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