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Prueba de Schirmer - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Examen de lágrimas; Examen del lagrimeo; Prueba del ojo seco; Prueba secreción basal

Definición:

Es una prueba que determina si el ojo produce suficientes lágrimas para mantenerlo húmedo.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

El médico colocará una tira especial de papel dentro del párpado inferior de cada ojo, por debajo del párpado (generalmente el inferior). Ambos ojos se examinan al mismo tiempo. Antes del examen, le aplicarán gotas oftálmicas anestésicas con el fin de evitar el lagrimeo de los ojos debido a la irritación causada por las tiras de papel.

El procedimiento exacto puede variar algo. La mayoría de las veces, los ojos se cierran durante 5 minutos. Cierre los ojos suavemente, ya que el hecho de frotarse los ojos o apretar al cerrarlos durante la prueba puede arrojar resultados anormales del examen.

Después de 5 minutos, el médico retira el papel y mide qué tan húmedo está.

El examen con hebra de hilo impregnada de rojo de fenol es similar a la prueba de Schirmer, sólo que se utilizan tiras rojas de un hilo especial en lugar de las tiras de papel y no se necesitan gotas anestésicas.

Preparación para el examen:

Le pedirán que se quite los lentes de contacto antes del examen.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

Algunas personas descubren que sostener el papel contra el ojo es irritante o un poco incómodo. Las gotas anestésicas a menudo pican al principio.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Este examen se utiliza cuando una persona presenta ojos muy secos o lagrimeo excesivo.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/10/2011
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Foulks GN. Treatment of dry eye disease by the non-Ophthalmologist. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2008;34:987-1000.

Tanenbaum M, McCord Jr. CD. Lacrimal drainage system. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 13.

Lemp MA, Foulks GN. Diagnosis and management of dry eye disease. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 14.

Miller D, Schor P, Magnante P. Optics of the normal eye. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 4.23.

American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Committee. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Comprehensive Adult Medical Eye Evaluation. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2010. Accessed January 17, 2011.

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Cornea/External Disease Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Dry Eye Syndrome. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology: 2008. Accessed January 17, 2011.

Tomlinson A, Khanal S, Ramaesh K, Diaper C, McFadyen A. Tear film osmolarity: determination of a referent for dry eye diagnosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:4309-4315.

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