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Pruebas analíticas para leucemia/linfoma de linfocitos B - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Marcadores de superficie de linfocitos B

Definición:

Es un examen que busca ciertas proteínas en la superficie de los glóbulos blancos llamadas linfocitos B. Las proteínas sirven como marcadores que pueden ser útiles en el diagnóstico de leucemia o linfoma.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Se necesita una muestra de sangre. Para obtener información sobre la forma como se hace esto, ver el artículo: venopunción.

Con menor frecuencia, los glóbulos blancos se extraen de una biopsia de médula ósea. La muestra también se puede tomar durante una biopsia de ganglios linfáticos u otra biopsia cuando se sospecha la presencia de linfoma.

La muestra de sangre se envía a un laboratorio donde un especialista analiza el tipo de células y características. Este procedimiento se denomina inmunofenotipado. El examen generalmente se hace usando una técnica llamada citometría de flujo.

Preparación para el examen:

Generalmente no se requiere ninguna preparación especial.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

Cuando se inserta la aguja para extraer la sangre, algunas personas sienten un dolor moderado, mientras que otras sólo sienten un pinchazo o sensación de picadura. Posteriormente, puede haber algo de sensación pulsátil.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Este examen se puede llevar a cabo:

  • Cuando otros exámenes (tales como frotis de sangre) indican la presencia de glóbulos blancos anormales.
  • Se sospecha la presencia de leucemia o linfoma.
  • Para determinar el tipo de leucemia o de linfoma.
  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Appelbaum FR. The acute leukemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 194.

Bierman PJ, Harris N, Armitage JO. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 196.

Kantarjian H, O'Brien S. The chronic leukemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 195.

Najfeld V. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic basis of hematologic malignancies. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 55.

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