A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

ELISA/ inmunotransferencia para VIH - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Pruebas para VIH

Definición:

Es una serie de pruebas sanguíneas utilizadas para diagnosticar la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de tipo crónica.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Se necesita una muestra de sangre. Para obtener información sobre la forma como se hace esto, ver el artículo: venopunción .

Preparación para el examen:

No se necesita ninguna preparación.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

Cuando se inserta la aguja para extraer la sangre, algunas personas sienten un dolor moderado, mientras que otras sólo sienten un pinchazo o sensación de picadura. Posteriormente, puede haber algo de sensación pulsátil.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Las pruebas para la infección por VIH se realizan por muchas razones, entre ellas:

  • Evaluar a personas que deseen hacerse la prueba.
  • Evaluar a personas en grupos de alto riesgo (hombres homosexuales, usuarios de drogas inyectables y sus parejas sexuales, al igual que trabajadoras sexuales).
  • Evaluar a personas con ciertas afecciones e infecciones (como el sarcoma de Kaposi, neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii).
  • Evaluar a mujeres embarazadas para ayudar a evitar que le transmitan el virus a su bebé.
  • Cuando un paciente tiene una infección inusual.
  • Reviewed last on: 6/9/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Dewar R, Goldstein D, Maldarelli F. Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Mandell GL, Bennett GE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 119.

Sax PE, Walker BD. Immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency infection. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 408.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.866.408.6885