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Examen de glucosa en orina - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Examen del azúcar urinario; Prueba de glucosa urinaria; Examen de glucosuria

Definición:

El examen de glucosa en orina mide la cantidad de azúcar (glucosa) en una muestra de orina. La presencia de glucosa en la orina se denomina glucosuria.

Ver también:

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Se necesita una muestra de orina. Para obtener información sobre la recolección de dicha muestra, ver el artículo recolección de muestra limpia de orina.

Generalmente, el médico verifica la glucosa en la muestra de orina empleando una tira reactiva compuesta de una almohadilla sensible al color. Esta almohadilla contiene químicos que reaccionan con la glucosa. El cambio de color en la tira reactiva le indica al médico qué tanta glucosa hay en la sangre.

Preparación para el examen:

Es posible que el médico le solicite dejar de tomar fármacos que puedan afectar los resultados del examen.

Entre los fármacos que pueden aumentar las mediciones de glucosa en la orina se encuentran:

  • Ácido aminosalicílico
  • Cefalosporinas
  • Hidrato de cloral
  • Cloranfenicol
  • Dextrotiroxina
  • Diazóxido
  • Diuréticos (del asa y tiazidas)
  • Estrógenos
  • Ifosfamida
  • Isoniazida
  • Levodopa
  • Litio
  • Nafcilina
  • Ácido nalidíxico
  • Ácido nicotínico (en grandes dosis)

Otros fármacos también pueden arrojar resultados falsos positivos o falsos negativos, dependiendo del tipo de tira reactiva empleada. Hable con el médico al respecto.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

El examen implica únicamente la micción normal y no produce ninguna molestia.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Este examen se utiliza por lo general para detectar diabetes.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/7/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 115.

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