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Bandas oligoclonales en LCR - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Inmunofijación del líquido cefalorraquídeo

Definición:

Es un examen para buscar proteínas relacionadas con inflamación en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), el líquido transparente que fluye en el espacio que rodea la médula espinal y el cerebro.

Las bandas oligoclonales son proteínas llamadas inmunoglobulinas que sugieren la presencia de una inflamación del sistema nervioso central. La presencia de estas bandas puede ser un signo de esclerosis múltiple.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Se necesita una muestra del LCR. Una punción lumbar (punción raquídea), es la forma más común de recolectar esta muestra. Para obtener información sobre este procedimiento, ver el artículo sobre punción lumbar.

Otros métodos para obtener la muestra del LCR pocas veces se utilizan, pero se pueden recomendar en algunos casos. Ver también:

  • Punción cisternal
  • Punción ventricular
  • Extracción de LCR de una sonda ya puesta, como una derivación o un drenaje ventricular

Después de tomar la muestra, se envía a un laboratorio para su evaluación.

Preparación para el examen:

Ver: punción lumbar

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

Ver: punción lumbar

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Este examen ayuda a sustentar, mas no confirma, el diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple (EM). La presencia de bandas oligoclonales en el LCR también se puede observar en otras enfermedades.

  • Reviewed last on: 4/30/2011
  • Kevin Sheth, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine;David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Griggs RC, Jozefowicz RF, Aminoff MJ. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 418.

Lublin FD, Miller AE. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 58.

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