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Tinción de Gram endocervical - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Tinción de Gram del cuello uterino

Definición:

Es un método para identificar bacterias en tejido proveniente del cuello uterino, con el uso de una serie especial de colorantes.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

El médico obtiene una muestra de tejido del revestimiento del canal cervical (la abertura hacia el útero).

La persona se acuesta boca arriba con los pies en los estribos. Como en el examen pélvico regular, se inserta un espéculo (un instrumento utilizado para abrir la vagina con el fin de poder examinar mejor algunos de los órganos pélvicos) y se abre un poco.

Se limpia el cuello uterino para que no haya moco y se inserta un aplicador (hisopo) estéril y seco que se hace girar dentro del canal cervical; se puede dejar en el lugar durante unos segundos para que absorba tantos organismos como sea posible.

Luego, se retira el aplicador (hisopo) y se envía al laboratorio donde se unta en un portaobjetos. A la muestra se le aplica una serie de colorantes, llamados tinción de Gram.

Un técnico del laboratorio examina la muestra teñida bajo el microscopio para verificar la presencia de bacterias. El color, tamaño y forma de las células ayudan a identificar el tipo de bacteria.

Preparación para el examen:

No se deben aplicar duchas vaginales durante 24 horas antes del procedimiento.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

La persona puede sentir una leve molestia durante la recolección de la muestra. Este procedimiento se siente muy similar a una citología vaginal de rutina.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Este examen se utiliza para detectar e identificar bacterias anormales en el área del cuello uterino. Si la persona desarrolla signos de infección o sospecha que tiene una enfermedad de transmisión sexual (como la gonorrea), este examen puede ayudar a confirmar el diagnóstico e identificar el organismo que está causando la infección.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/9/2009
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Workowski KA, Berman SM. Diseases characterized by urethritis and cervicitis. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2006 Aug 4;55(RR-11):35-49.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR. 2007 Apr 13;56(14):332-6.

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