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Examen de refracción - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Prueba de refracción ocular; Prueba de refracción visual; Refracción

Definición:

Es un examen de los ojos que mide la prescripción de una persona para gafas o lentes de contacto.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Este examen lo realiza un oftalmólogo o un optómetra. Ambos profesionales a menudo se denominan "especialistas en ojos".

Usted se sienta en una silla equipada con un aparato especial (llamado foróptero o refractor), a través del cual usted mira y se enfoca en una tabla optométrica ubicada a una distancia de 20 pies (6 m). El dispositivo contiene lentes de diferentes potencias que se pueden ir cambiando y colocando ante su vista. El examen se lleva a cabo en un ojo a la vez.

El especialista en ojos que lleva a cabo el examen preguntará si la tabla optométrica aparece más o menos clara cuando se colocan los diferentes lentes.

Preparación para el examen:

Si usted usa lentes de contacto, pregúntele al médico si necesita quitárselos antes del examen y durante cuánto tiempo.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

No hay ninguna molestia.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

Este examen se puede realizar como parte del examen ocular de rutina y su propósito es determinar si usted tiene un error de refracción (una necesidad de gafas o lentes de contacto).

Para las personas de más de 40 años que tienen visión a distancia normal pero dificultad con la visión cercana, un examen de refracción puede determinar la potencia correcta de las gafas para leer.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/10/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Katz M, Kruger PB. The human eye as an optical system. In: Tasman W, Jaeger Ea, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 33.

Kaufman JH. Subjective refraction: fogging and use of the astigmatic dials. In: Tasman W, Jaeger Ea, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 39.

Scott CA. Testing of refraction. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 2.8.

Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Examination of the eye. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 618.

American Academy of Ophthalmology Refractive Management/Intervention Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery. San Francisco, CA. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2010. Accessed January 17, 2011.

American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Committee. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Comprehensive Adult Medical Eye Evaluation. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2010. Accessed January 17, 2011.

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