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Examen citológico de la orina - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Citología de orina

Definición:

Es un examen que se utiliza para detectar cáncer y enfermedades inflamatorias de las vías urinarias.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Se necesita una muestra limpia de orina (mitad de la micción). Para mayor información sobre la forma de recoger la muestra, ver: recolección de muestra limpia de orina.

La muestra de orina también se puede recoger durante una evaluación del interior de la vejiga llamada cistoscopia.

La muestra de orina se procesa en un laboratorio y se examina bajo el microscopio por parte de un patólogo que busca células anormales.

Preparación para el examen:

No se necesita ninguna preparación especial.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

La recolección de un muestra limpia de orina no produce ninguna molestia.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

El examen se realiza para detectar cáncer y enfermedades inflamatorias de las vías urinarias. Con frecuencia se hace cuando se detecta sangre en la orina. También sirve para vigilar a un paciente con antecedentes de cáncer de las vías urinarias. El examen ocasionalmente se puede ordenar para individuos que tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de vejiga.

El examen también puede detectar la presencia de citomegalovirus y otras enfermedades virales.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/30/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Scott Miller, MD, Urologist in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bajorin DJ. Tumors of the kidney, bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 207.

Gerber GS, Brendler CB. Evaluation of the urologic patient: History, physical examination, and the urinalysis. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 3.

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