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Biopsia sinovial - All Information

Nombres alternativos

Biopsia de la membrana sinovial

Definición:

Es la extirpación de una porción del tejido que recubre una articulación, llamado membrana sinovial.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Este examen generalmente se hace en el quirófano con el uso de una artroscopia.

El médico inyectará un medicamento insensibilizador (anestesia local) dentro del área. Luego, se introduce un instrumento llamado trócar dentro del espacio articular. Esta herramienta ayuda a impulsar el líquido dentro y fuera del área. A través del trócar, se introduce una pinza de biopsia y se gira para cortar un segmento del tejido.

Se retiran las herramientas. Se limpia el sitio de la biopsia, se aplica presión y se coloca una venda.

Preparación para el examen:

Coméntele al médico:

  • Si está en embarazo
  • Si tiene alguna alergia a medicamentos
  • Si tiene problemas de sangrado
  • Qué medicamentos está tomando (incluyendo medicinas herbales y suplementos)

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

Con la anestesia local, se sentirá un pinchazo y una sensación de ardor. Además, se presentará algo de molestia a medida que se introduce el trócar.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

La biopsia sinovial ayuda a diagnosticar la gota, las infecciones bacterianas u otras infecciones y puede sugerir la presencia de afecciones inflamatorias como trastornos autoinmunitarios.

Valores normales:

La estructura de la membrana sinovial se encuentra normal.

Significado de los resultados anormales:

Con la biopsia sinovial se pueden identificar las siguientes afecciones:

Este examen puede ayudar a diagnosticar artritis reumatoidea y otras enfermedades autoinmunitarias.

Cuáles son los riesgos:

Existe una ligera probabilidad de infección y sangrado. En raras ocasiones, hay probabilidad de que una aguja choque contra un nervio o vaso sanguíneo.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/28/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

El-Gabalawy HS. Synovial fluid analysis, synovial biopsy, and synovial pathology. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED Jr., et al, eds. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 48.

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