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Biopsia de nervio - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Biopsia de un nervio

Definición:

Es la extracción de una pequeña muestra de un nervio para examinarla.

Forma en que se realiza el examen:

Una biopsia de nervio se realiza con mayor frecuencia en el tobillo o la muñeca.

El médico aplica un medicamento para anestesiar el área antes del procedimiento. Luego, hace una pequeña incisión quirúrgica y extrae una porción del nervio. La muestra se envía a un laboratorio, donde se examina bajo un microscopio.

Preparación para el examen:

No hay ninguna preparación especial para este examen.

Lo que se siente durante el examen:

Cuando se inyecta el medicamento insensibilizador (anestésico local), se puede experimentar un pinchazo o picadura leve. Después del examen, el sitio de la biopsia dolerá por unos cuantos días.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen:

La biopsia de nervio se puede practicar para ayudar a diagnosticar:

  • Degeneración del axón (destrucción de la porción axonal de la célula nerviosa).
  • Daño a los nervios pequeños.
  • Desmielinización (destrucción de partes de la vaina de mielina que recubre el nervio).
  • Afecciones inflamatorias de los nervios (neuropatías).

Algunas afecciones adicionales por las cuales se puede realizar este examen son:

  • Reviewed last on: 6/18/2011
  • Kevin Sheth, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Shy ME. Peripheral neuropathies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 446.

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