Esfínter anal o urinario artificial
Los riesgos para cualquier anestesia son:
Los riesgos para cualquier cirugía son:
Otros riesgos abarcan:
Hannaway CD. Fecal incontinence. Abstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2008;35:249-269.
Staskin DR, Comiter CV. Surgical Treatment of Male Sphincteric Urinary Incontinence: The Male Perineal Sling and Artificial Urinary Sphincter. Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA. Wein: Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 74.
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