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Fascitis plantar - Overview

Definición:

La fascitis plantar es la inflamación del tejido grueso en la planta o parte inferior del pie. Este tejido se denomina fascia plantar y es el que conecta el calcáneo a los dedos y crea el arco del pie.

Causas:

La fascitis plantar ocurre cuando la banda gruesa de tejido en la planta del pie se estira o se sobrecarga demasiado. Esto puede ser doloroso y hacer más difícil el hecho caminar.

Entre los factores de riesgo para la fascitis plantar están:

  • Problemas con el arco del pie (tanto pie plano como arco plantar alto).
  • Obesidad o aumento repentino de peso.
  • Correr largas distancias, especialmente correr cuesta abajo o sobre superficies desiguales.
  • Aumento repentino de peso.
  • Tendón de Aquiles (el tendón que conecta los músculos de la pantorrilla al talón) tenso.
  • Zapatos con soporte de arco deficiente o suelas blandas.

La fascitis plantar afecta típicamente a los hombres activos entre los 40 y 70 años y es una de las dolencias ortopédicas más comunes relacionadas con el pie.

Con frecuencia, se piensa que la fascitis plantar es causada por un espolón en el talón, pero las investigaciones han determinado que esto no es así. En las radiografías, se observan espolones en el talón en personas con y sin fascitis plantar.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/19/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wapner KL, Parekh SG. Heel pain. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:section F.

Abu-Laban RV, Ho K. Ankle and foot. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 55.

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