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Úlcera de decúbito - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Escara de decúbito; Úlcera de presión

Definición:

Es un área cutánea que se rompe cuando se ejerce presión constante contra la piel.

Causas:

La presión contra la piel reduce el riego sanguíneo hacia el área y el tejido afectado muere. Esto puede suceder cuando usted permanece en una posición por mucho tiempo sin cambiar el apoyo. Usted podría presentar una úlcera de decúbito si usa una silla de ruedas o si está confinado a una cama, incluso por un corto período de tiempo (por ejemplo, después de una cirugía o lesión).

Los siguientes factores aumentan el riesgo de úlceras de decúbito:

  • Estar postrado a una cama o a una silla de ruedas
  • Edad avanzada
  • Incapacidad para mover ciertas partes del cuerpo sin ayuda, como ocurre después de lesiones en la columna o en el cerebro o si usted tiene una enfermedad como la esclerosis múltiple
  • Presentar una afección crónica, como la diabetes o una enfermedad vascular, que impida a diferentes áreas del cuerpo recibir un flujo sanguíneo adecuado.
  • Tener discapacidad mental como producto de afecciones como la enfermedad de Alzheimer
  • Tener piel frágil
  • Tener incontinencia urinaria o incontinencia intestinal
  • No recibir suficiente nutrición (desnutrición)
  • Reviewed last on: 11/22/2010
  • Richard J. Moskowitz, MD, Private Practice, Mineola, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Fonder MA, Lazarus GS, Cowan DA, Aronson-Cook B, Kohli AR, Mamelak AJ. Treating the chronic wound: a practical approach to the care of nonhealing wounds and wound care dressings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(2):185-206.

Bluestein D, Javaheri A. Pressure ulcers: prevention, evaluation, and management. Am Fam Physician. 2008;78(10):1186-1194.

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