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Apnea de la prematuridad - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Apnea en recién nacidos; AOP; Episodios cianóticos en recién nacidos; Episodios de coloración azulosa en recién nacidos; Crisis respiratoria en recién nacidos.

Definición:

La apnea es la respiración que se vuelve lenta o se detiene por cualquier causa. La apnea de la prematuridad se refiere a episodios cortos de suspensión de la respiración en bebés nacidos antes de lo debido.

Causas:

Hay algunas razones por las cuales los recién nacidos, especialmente los bebés prematuros, pueden presentar apnea, como:

  • Su cerebro no está completamente desarrollado
  • Los músculos que mantienen permeables las vías respiratorias están débiles

Otras situaciones de estrés en un bebé prematuro o enfermo pueden empeorar la apnea, como:

  • Anemia
  • Problemas de alimentación
  • Problemas cardíacos o pulmonares
  • Infección
  • Bajos niveles de oxígeno
  • Sobrestimulación
  • Problemas de temperatura
  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pedatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Owens JA. Sleep medicine. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 18.

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