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Influenza aviaria - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Gripe aviar o aviaria; H5N1

Definición:

Es una infección por gripe en las aves. El virus que causa esta infección en las aves puede mutar (cambiar) e infectar a las personas. Tal mutación podría dar inicio a una epidemia mortal mundial.

Causas:

El primer virus de la influenza aviaria que infectó a los humanos ocurrió en Hong Kong en 1997. Este brote estuvo ligado a los pollos y fue clasificado como influenza aviaria A (H5N1).

Desde entonces, se han notificado casos de gripe aviaria en humanos (H5N1) Asia, África, Europa, Indonesia, el Pacífico, Vietnam y el Medio Oriente. Cientos de personas han resultado enfermas con el virus. Un poco más del 60% de aquellas personas que resultaron enfermas han muerto.

Cuanto más se disemine el virus de la gripe aviaria, mayores serán las probabilidades de un brote mundial en humanos. Existe una tremenda preocupación de que el H5N1 represente una enorme amenaza de pandemia.

Las siguientes personas tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer la gripe aviar:

  • Granjeros y otras personas que trabajan con aves de corral.
  • Viajeros que visitan los países afectados.
  • Aquéllas que tocan un ave infectada.
  • Aquéllas que consumen sangre, huevos o carne crudos o a medio cocer de aves infectadas.

Los trabajadores de la salud y los contactos familiares de pacientes con influenza aviaria igualmente pueden estar en mayor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad.

El virus de la gripe aviaria (H5N1) ha mostrado que sobrevive en el medioambiente durante períodos de tiempo prolongados. La infección se puede propagar simplemente tocando las superficies contaminadas. Las aves que se recuperan de la gripe pueden continuar esparciendo el virus en sus heces y saliva hasta por un período de 10 días.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/1/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Treanor JJ. Influenza viruses, including avian influence and swine influenza. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 165.

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First U.S. Vaccine for Humans Against the Avian Influenza Virus H5N1. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; April 17, 2007. Release P07-68

Levin S. Zoonoses. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 349.

Hayden FG. Influenza. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 387.

Ferri FF. Avian influenza. In: Ferri FF, ed. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2010. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:section 1.

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