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Influenza aviaria - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Gripe aviar o aviaria; H5N1

Tratamiento:

Diferentes tipos de gripe aviaria pueden causar síntomas diferentes; por lo tanto, el tratamiento puede variar.

En general, el tratamiento con el medicamento antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu) o zanamivir (Relenza) puede disminuir la gravedad de la enfermedad si usted comienza a tomarlo dentro de las 48 horas siguientes después del comienzo de los síntomas.

El oseltamivir también se puede prescribir a las personas que viven en la misma casa de aquéllos a quienes se les ha diagnosticado la gripe aviaria.

El virus que causa la gripe aviaria en humanos parece ser resistente a los antivirales amantadina y rimantadina; por lo tanto, estos medicamentos no se deben utilizar si se presenta un brote de H5N1.

Es posible que las personas con infección grave necesiten que se les coloque un respirador. Igualmente, los expertos recomiendan que se aísle a las personas a quienes se les diagnosticó gripe aviaria.

Los médicos recomiendan que las personas se hagan aplicar una vacuna contra la influenza (gripe) para reducir la posibilidad de que un virus de la gripe aviaria se mezcle con un virus de la gripe humana, lo cual crearía un nuevo virus que se puede propagar fácilmente.

La Administración de Drogas y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos ha aprobado una vacuna para proteger a los humanos de la gripe aviaria. Los expertos dicen que la vacuna se podría utilizar si el virus H5N1 actual comienza a diseminarse entre las personas.

Pronóstico:

El pronóstico depende de la gravedad de la infección y del tipo de virus de influenza aviaria que la causó. La muerte es posible.

Posibles complicaciones:

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Consulte con el médico si presenta síntomas seudogripales dentro de un período de 10 días después de manipular aves infectadas o viajar a un área donde haya un brote conocido de gripe aviaria.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/1/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Treanor JJ. Influenza viruses, including avian influence and swine influenza. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 165.

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First U.S. Vaccine for Humans Against the Avian Influenza Virus H5N1. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; April 17, 2007. Release P07-68

Levin S. Zoonoses. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 349.

Hayden FG. Influenza. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 387.

Ferri FF. Avian influenza. In: Ferri FF, ed. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2010. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:section 1.

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