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Hiperserotoninemia; Síndrome serotonérgico
Los síntomas ocurren en cuestión de minutos a horas y pueden ser:
El diagnóstico generalmente se hace con preguntas acerca de la historia clínica, incluyendo los tipos de medicamentos que uno toma.
Para hacer un diagnóstico del síndrome de la serotonina, uno tiene que haber estado tomando un medicamento que cambie los niveles de serotonina corporales (medicamento serotoninérgico) y presentar al menos tres de los siguientes signos o síntomas:
El síndrome de la serotonina no se diagnostica hasta no haber descartado todas las otras posibles causas, incluyendo infecciones, intoxicaciones, problemas hormonales y metabólicos y abstinencia de drogas. Algunos síntomas de este síndrome pueden simular los síntomas debido a una sobredosis de cocaína, litio o un IMAO.
Si uno acaba de empezar o incrementar la dosis de un tranquilizante (antipsicóticos), se pueden considerar otras afecciones, como un síndrome maligno por neurolépticos.
Los exámenes pueden abarcar:
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Public Health Advisory: Combined Use of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Agonists (Triptans), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) or Selective Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) May Result in Life-threatening Serotonin Syndrome. Rockville, MD: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; July 19, 2006.
Prator BC. Serotonin syndrome. J Neurosci Nurs. 2006 Apr;38(2):102-5.
Ford MD, Clinical Toxicology. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2001:150, 522, 547, 550.
Bilden EF, Walter FG. Antidepressants. In Marx J, ed. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2006: chap 149.
Sternbach H. The Serotonin Syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 1991: 148:705.
Parrot AC. Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Apr;71(4):837-44. Review.
Brent J, Palmer R. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and serotonin syndrome. In: Shannon MW, Borron SW, Burns MJ, eds. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 29.
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