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Sepsis neonatal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Sepsis del neonato; Septicemia neonatal; Sepsis en bebés

Definición:

Es la infección de la sangre que ocurre en un bebé de menos de 90 días de edad. La sepsis de aparición temprana se ve en la primera semana de vida, mientras que la sepsis de aparición tardía ocurre entre los días 8 y 89.

Causas:

Muchas bacterias diferentes, incluyendo la Escherichia coli (E. coli), Listeria y ciertas cepas de estreptococo, pueden causar sepsis neonatal.

La sepsis neonatal de aparición temprana se presenta más a menudo dentro de las 24 horas después del nacimiento. El bebé contrae la infección de la madre antes o durante el parto. Los siguientes factores incrementan el riesgo para un bebé de padecer este tipo de sepsis:

  • Infección durante el embarazo con estreptococos del grupo B.
  • Parto prematuro.
  • Romper aguas (ruptura de la bolsa de las aguas) que dura más de 24 horas antes del nacimiento.
  • Infección de tejidos de la placenta y líquido amniótico (corioamnionitis).

Los bebés con sepsis neonatal de aparición tardía resultan infectados después del parto. Los siguientes factores aumentan el riesgo para un bebé de padecer este tipo de sepsis:

  • Tener un catéter durante mucho tiempo en un vaso sanguíneo.
  • Permanecer en el hospital por un período de tiempo prolongado.
  • Reviewed last on: 5/9/2011
  • Kimberly G Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag S. Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease, Revised Guidelines from CDC, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 59(RR-10): 1-36, 2010.

Stoll et al . Early onset neonatal sepsis: the burden of group B streptococcal and E. coli disease continues. Pediatrics 2011: 127:817-826.

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