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Miocarditis pediátrica - Overview

Definición:

Es la inflamación y debilidad del miocardio en un bebé o un niño pequeño.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La miocarditis es un trastorno poco común. En los niños, normalmente es causado por infecciones virales que alcanzan el corazón, como el virus de la influenza (gripe), el virus de Coxsackie y el adenovirus. Sin embargo, también puede ocurrir durante o después de otras infecciones virales o bacterianas como la polio, la rubéola, la enfermedad de Lyme y otras.

Cuando usted tiene una infección, el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo produce células especiales que liberan ciertos químicos para combatir la enfermedad. Si la infección afecta el corazón, las células que combaten la enfermedad ingresan a éste. Sin embargo, los químicos que producen pueden dañar el miocardio, causando su engrosamiento e inflamación, lo cual lleva a que se presenten síntomas de insuficiencia cardíaca. Además, los virus o las bacterias pueden dañar el miocardio.

Otras causas de miocarditis pediátrica pueden abarcar:

  • Reacciones alérgicas a ciertos medicamentos
  • Exposición a ciertos químicos en el medio ambiente
  • Infecciones debido a hongos o parásitos
  • Radiación
  • Algunas enfermedades (trastornos autoinmunitarios) que causan inflamación en todo el cuerpo
  • Algunos fármacos

La miocarditis pediátrica tiende a ser más grave en los recién nacidos y bebés pequeños que en los niños de más de dos años.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/28/2010
  • Kimberly G. Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Freedman SB, Haladyn JK, Floh A, Kirsh JA, Taylor G, Thull-Freedman J. Pediatric myocarditis: emergency department clinical findings and diagnostic evaluation. Pediatrics. 2007 Dec;120(6):1278-85.

Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2007.

Park MK, Troxler RG. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby, Inc; 2008.

Schwartz SM, Wessel DL. Medical cardiovascular support in acute viral myocarditis in children. Guidelines for the Treatment of Myocarditis in Infants and Children and Proceedings of the 2005 Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Symposium. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 7(6) Supplement:S12-S16, November 2006.

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