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Miocarditis pediátrica - Treatment

Tratamiento:

No existe ninguna cura para la miocarditis, aunque la inflamación del miocardio normalmente desaparece por sí sola con el tiempo.

El objetivo del tratamiento es apoyar la actividad cardíaca y tratar la causa subyacente de la miocarditis. La mayoría de los niños con esta afección son hospitalizados. La actividad puede fatigar el corazón y por consiguiente se limita con frecuencia.

El tratamiento puede abarcar:

  • Antibióticos para combatir la infección
  • Antinflamatorios llamados esteroides para controlar la inflamación
  • Inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV), un medicamento hecho de sustancias que el cuerpo produce para combatir la infección con el fin de controlar el proceso inflamatorio
  • Medicamentos llamados diuréticos para eliminar el exceso de agua del cuerpo
  • Medicamentos para tratar la insuficiencia cardíaca y los ritmos cardíacos anormales

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico del niño depende de la causa y de su salud general. Con el tratamiento apropiado, la mayoría de los niños se recupera por completo. Sin embargo, algunos pueden tener cardiopatía permanente. Los recién nacidos corren el mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedad y complicaciones graves (incluyendo la muerte) debido a la miocarditis. En casos excepcionales, es necesario un trasplante de corazón urgente.

Complicaciones:

  • Agrandamiento del corazón que lleva a la reducción de la actividad cardíaca (miocardiopatía dilatada)
  • Insuficiencia cardíaca
  • Problemas del ritmo cardíaco

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Solicite una cita con el pediatra de su hijo si se presentan signos o síntomas de esta afección.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/28/2010
  • Kimberly G. Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Freedman SB, Haladyn JK, Floh A, Kirsh JA, Taylor G, Thull-Freedman J. Pediatric myocarditis: emergency department clinical findings and diagnostic evaluation. Pediatrics. 2007 Dec;120(6):1278-85.

Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2007.

Park MK, Troxler RG. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby, Inc; 2008.

Schwartz SM, Wessel DL. Medical cardiovascular support in acute viral myocarditis in children. Guidelines for the Treatment of Myocarditis in Infants and Children and Proceedings of the 2005 Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Symposium. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 7(6) Supplement:S12-S16, November 2006.

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