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Hidropesía fetal - Overview

Definición:

Es una afección seria en la cual se acumulan cantidades anormales de líquido en dos o más áreas del cuerpo de un feto o recién nacido.

Ver también: eritroblastosis fetal

Causas:

Hay dos tipos de hidropesía fetal: inmunitaria y no inmunitaria. La causa exacta depende de cuál sea la forma que tenga el bebé.

  • La hidropesía fetal inmunitaria es una complicación de una forma severa de incompatibilidad Rh. La compatibilidad Rh causa la destrucción masiva de los glóbulos rojos, lo cual lleva a que se presenten varios problemas, incluyendo hinchazón total del cuerpo. La hinchazón severa puede interferir con la forma como funcionan los órganos del cuerpo.
  • La hidropesía fetal no inmunitaria ocurre cuando una enfermedad o afección altera la capacidad del cuerpo para manejar los líquidos. Hay tres causas principales para este tipo: problemas cardíacos o pulmonares, anemia severa (talasemia) y defectos genéticos, incluyendo el síndrome de Turner.

El número de bebés que desarrollan hidropesía fetal inmunitaria ha descendido enormemente desde la introducción del medicamento RhoGAM, el cual se usa para tratar a las madres embarazadas en riesgo de presentar incompatibilidad Rh.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/9/2011
  • Kimberly G Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Abrams ME, Meredith KS, Kinnard P, Clark RH. Hydrops fetalis: a retrospective review of cases reported to a large national database and identification of risk factors associated with death. Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;120(1):84-9.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2005.

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