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Anillo vascular - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Arco aórtico derecho con subclavia y ligamento izquierdo anómalos

Definición:

Es una formación anormal de la aorta, la gran arteria que lleva sangre del corazón al resto del cuerpo. Es un problema congénito, lo cual significa que está presente al nacer.

Ver también: arco aórtico doble

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El anillo vascular es poco común y representa menos del 1% de todos los problemas cardíacos congénitos. La afección ocurre con la misma frecuencia en los hombres y en las mujeres. Algunos bebés con anillo vascular también tienen otro problema cardíaco congénito.

El anillo vascular se presenta muy temprano en el desarrollo del bebé en el útero. Normalmente, la aorta se desarrolla a partir de uno de varios pedazos curvos de tejido (arcos). El cuerpo rompe algunos de los arcos restantes, mientras que otros se constituyen en arterias. Algunas arterias que deben romperse no lo hacen; esto forma anillos vasculares.

Con el anillo vascular, algunos de los arcos y vasos que deberían haberse transformado en arterias o haber desaparecido aún están presentes cuando el bebé nace. Estos arcos forman un anillo de vasos sanguíneos que circunda y ejerce presión sobre la tráquea y el esófago.

Existen varios tipos diferentes de anillo vascular. En algunos tipos, el anillo vascular circunda la tráquea y el esófago sólo parcialmente, pero todavía puede causar síntomas.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/5/2010
  • Kurt R. Schumacher, MD, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, MI. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Other congenital heart and vascular malformations. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007chap 432.

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