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Oclusión de las venas retinianas - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Oclusión venosa central de la retina; OVCR; Oclusión de ramas venosas de la retina; ORVR

Definición:

Es un bloqueo de las pequeñas venas que llevan sangre fuera de la retina. La retina es la capa de tejido ubicada en la parte de atrás del interior del ojo que convierte las imágenes luminosas en señales nerviosas y las envía al cerebro.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La oclusión de las venas retinianas con mayor frecuencia es causada por el endurecimiento de las arterias (ateroesclerosis) y la formación de un coágulo de sangre.

El bloqueo de venas más pequeñas, ramas venosas u ORVR (oclusión de ramas venosas de la retina), ocurre con frecuencia en la retina cuando las arterias de ésta que se han engrosado o endurecido por la ateroesclerosis se cruzan y ejercen presión sobre una vena retiniana.

Los factores de riesgo para la oclusión de las venas retinianas abarcan:

Debido a que el riesgo de estos trastornos aumenta con la edad, la oclusión de las venas retinianas afecta con mayor frecuencia a las personas mayores.

El bloqueo de las venas retinianas puede causar otros problemas oculares, incluyendo:

  • Glaucoma (presión alta en las arterias), causado por vasos sanguíneos nuevos y anormales que crecen en la parte frontal del ojo
  • Edema macular, causado por el escape de líquido en la retina
  • Reviewed last on: 5/7/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sanborn GE, Magargal LE. Venous occlusive disease of the eye. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: 2009:chap 15.

Wu L, Arevalo JF, Roca JA, Maia M, Berrocal MH, Rodriguez FJ, et al. Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Comparison of two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 6 months of follow-up. Retina. 2008;28:212-219.

Kreutzer TC, Alge CS, Wolf AH, Kook D, Burger J, Strauss R, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:351-355.

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