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Resonancia magnética de las mamas - Risks

Nombres alternativos

IRM de las mamas; Imágenes por resonancia magnética de las mamas

Riesgos:

La resonancia magnética no emite ninguna radiación y, hasta la fecha, no se ha informado de efectos secundarios a causa de los campos magnéticos y las ondas de radio.

El tipo de medio de contraste (tinte) utilizado más común es el gadolinio, el cual es muy seguro. Las reacciones alérgicas a esta sustancia rara vez ocurren. Sin embargo, el gadolinio puede ser dañino para pacientes con problemas renales que requieran diálisis. Si usted tiene problemas en el riñón, por favor coméntele al médico antes del examen.

Los fuertes campos magnéticos que se crean durante una resonancia magnética pueden provocar que los marcapasos cardíacos y otros implantes no funcionen igual de bien. También pueden provocar que otros pedazos de metal dentro del cuerpo se desplacen o cambien de posición.

Consideraciones:

La resonancia magnética de las mamas es más sensible que la mamografía, sobre todo cuando se lleva a cabo usando el tinte de contraste. Sin embargo, la resonancia magnética de la mama puede no siempre diferenciar el cáncer de mama de neoplasias mamarias no cancerosas, lo cual puede llevar a un resultado falso positivo.

La resonancia magnética tampoco puede detectar pedazos diminutos de calcio (microcalcificaciones) que la mamografía sí puede detectar.

Se necesita una biopsia para confirmar los resultados de una resonancia magnética de la mama.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, Harms S, Leach MO, Lehman CD, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57:75-89.

Lehman CD, DeMartini W, Anderson BO, Edge SB. Indications for breast MRI in the patient with newly diagnosed breast cancer. JNCCN. 2009;7:193-201.

James JJ, Robin A, Wilson M, Evans AJ. The breast. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, eds. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 5th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 52.

Turnbull L, Brown S, Harvey I, et al. Comparative effectiveness of MRI in breast cancer (COMICE) trial: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Feb 13;375(9714):563-71.

Turnbull LW, Brown SR, Olivier C, et al.; COMICE Trial Group. Multicentre randomised controlled trial examining the cost-effectiveness of contrast-enhanced high field magnetic resonance imaging in women with primary breast cancer scheduled for wide local excision (COMICE). Health Technol Assess. 2010 Jan;14(1):1-182.

Bevers TB, Anderson BO, Bonaccio E, et al.; National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer screening and diagnosis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2009 Nov;7(10):1060-96. Review. Erratum in: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010 Feb;8(2):xxxvii.

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