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Causas de la ictericia - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Causas de ictericia

Definición:

La ictericia es una coloración amarilla en la piel, las membranas mucosas o los ojos. El color amarillo proviene de la bilirrubina, un subproducto de los glóbulos rojos viejos. La ictericia es un signo de otras enfermedades.

Este artículo analiza las posibles causas de ictericia en los niños y los adultos. Para obtener información sobre la ictericia en los bebés muy pequeños, ver: ictericia del recién nacido.

Información:

Las causas comunes de ictericia en niños mayores y adultos abarcan:

Otras causas de ictericia abarcan:

  • Cáncer del páncreas.
  • Trastornos presentes desde el nacimiento que le dificultan al cuerpo la descomposición de la bilirrubina (tales como síndrome de Gilbert, síndrome de Dubin-Johnson, el síndrome de Rotor o el síndrome de Crigler-Najjar).
  • Comer hongos venenosos u otras sustancias tóxicas.
  • Trastorno inmunitario que ataca por error el tejido sano del hígado (hepatitis autoinmunitaria).
  • Daño hepático causado por reducción del oxígeno o del flujo sanguíneo al hígado.
  • El cuerpo destruye demasiadas células sanguíneas y el hígado no puede manejarlas (anemia hemolítica).
  • Uso de ciertos fármacos, como una sobredosis de paracetamol.

Los trastornos de la vesícula biliar y de las vías biliares que pueden causar ictericia abarcan:

  • Bloqueo o estrechamiento de las vías biliares (por infección, tumor, estenosis o cálculos biliares).
  • Cirrosis biliar primaria.
  • La bilis se acumula en la vesícula biliar debido a la presión en el área abdominal durante el embarazo (ictericia del embarazo).

Ver también:

  • Reviewed last on: 4/17/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Lidofsky SD. Jaundice. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 20.

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