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Genética

La genética es el estudio de la herencia y de cómo los rasgos se transmiten de padres a hijos. Los genes están dentro de los cromosomas que se encuentran dentro del óvulo y la esperma. Cada padre contribuye con la mitad de cada par, es decir, con 23 cromosomas para su descendencia; 22 autosómicos y 1 cromosoma sexual. El carácter hereditario de enfermedades genéticas, anomalías o rasgos está dado tanto por el tipo de cromosoma en el que reside el gen anormal (autosómico o cromosoma sexual) como por el hecho de que el propio gen sea dominante o recesivo.
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