An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cervical cancer.
Dysplasia; Human papillomas virus; Pap smear
The following are some examples of the time it takes for early stages of cervical dysplasia to progress to the next stage:
Over the past 30 years, the death rate from cervical cancer has declined significantly. In general, 71% of women with invasive cervical cancer survive for 5 years or more. African American women tend to have poorer 5-year survival rates than Caucasian women, although survival rates have significantly increased in African American women in recent years.
The outlook for specific women varies depending on different factors:
Identifying what type of HPV a woman has may help determine outlook and the severity of cervical cancer. For example, HPV 18 and HPV 16 are associated with severe cases. HPV 16 has also been linked to a rare form of cervical and uterine cancers.
Other biochemical markers in the body may also help predict outcome and treatment. For example, women with cervical cancer who have high levels of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX-2) may require more aggressive treatments than those with low levels.
The treatments for advanced cervical cancer also add to the emotional burden in premenopausal women, because they nearly always prevent future childbearing.
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