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Ovarian cancer

Description

An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ovarian cancer.

Symptoms

Ovarian cancer grows quickly and can progress from early to advanced stages within a year. Early symptoms are often vague and may resemble those of less serious conditions, such as menstrual disorders and intestinal illnesses. Still, a 2005 study found that many women complain of abdominal swelling and pain at least 6 - 12 months before a diagnosis.

Only around 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage. Paying attention to symptoms can help improve a woman’s chances of being diagnosed and treated promptly. Women should report any of the following persistent symptoms to their doctor:

• Abdominal swelling (this is caused by fluid or a mass within the abdomen)
• Pelvic pressure or cramps
• Digestive problems such as gas, bloating, indigestion and stomach pain
• Bowel and bladder problems such as constipation and frequent urination
• Loss of appetite or feeling of fullness even after a very light meal
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Back pain or leg pain

Based on the symptoms and physical examination, the doctor may order pelvic imaging tests or a CA-125 blood test. Researchers are working to develop other screening tests to help improve early ovarian cancer diagnosis.

• Review Date: 9/1/2006
• Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.

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