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Diabetes - type 1 - Symptoms
- Highlights
- Introduction
- Causes
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms
- Complications
- Diagnosis
- Lifestyle Changes
- Treatment
- Treatment of Complications
- Home Management
- Transplantation Procedures
Description
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of type 1 diabetes.Alternative Names
Type 1 diabetes; Insulin-dependent diabetes; Juvenile diabetes
Symptoms:
The process that destroys the insulin-producing beta cells can be long and insidious. At the point when insulin production bottoms out, however, type 1 diabetes usually appears suddenly and progresses quickly. Warning signs of type 1 diabetes include:
- Frequent urination (in children, a recurrence of bed-wetting after toilet training has been completed)
- Unusual thirst, especially for sweet, cold drinks
- Extreme hunger
- Sudden, sometimes dramatic, weight loss
- Weakness
- Extreme fatigue
- Blurred vision or other changes in eyesight
- Irritability
- Nausea and vomiting (acute symptoms)
Children with type 1 diabetes may also be restless, apathetic, and have trouble functioning at school. In severe cases, diabetic coma may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes.
Resources
- www.diabetes.org -- American Diabetes Association
- www.niddk.nih.gov -- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- www.jdrf.org -- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
- www.nei.nih.gov -- National Eye Institute
- www.eatright.org -- American Dietetic Association
- www.kidney.org -- National Kidney Foundation
- www.diabetestrialnet.org -- Type 1 Diabetes International Clinical Trial Net
- www.medicalert.org -- Bracelets or neck chain emblems with personal medical information
- www.childrenwithdiabetes.com -- Children with diabetes online community
References
Alemzadeh R and Wyatt DT. Diabetes mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, ed. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th edition. Saunders; 2007:chap 590.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2009. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32 Suppl 1:S13-61.
Bakris GL, Sowers JR; American Society of Hypertension Writing Group. ASH position paper: treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes-an update. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 Sep;10(9):707-13; discussion 714-5.
Camilleri M. Clinical practice. Diabetic gastroparesis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):820-9.
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Research Group, Jacobson AM, Musen G, Ryan CM, Silvers N, Cleary P, et al. Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1842-52.
Farrar D, Tuffnell DJ, West J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD005542.
Fiorina P, Secchi A. Pancreatic islet cell transplant for treatment of diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;36(4):999-1013; ix.
Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 16;355(20):2071-84.
Hunt D. Foot ulcers and amputations in diabetes. Clin Evid. 2006 Jun;(15):576-84.
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group, Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Bode BW, Buckingham B, Chase HP, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 2;359(14):1464-76. Epub 2008 Sep 8.
Retnakaran R, Zinman B. Type 1 diabetes, hyperglycaemia, and the heart. Lancet. 2008 May 24;371(9626):1790-9.
SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group, Liese AD, D'Agostino RB, Hamman RF, Kilgo PD, Lawrence JM, et al. The burden of diabetes mellitus among US youth: prevalence estimates from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):1510-8.
Shapiro AM, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Auchincloss H, Lindblad R, Robertson RP, et al. International trial of the Edmonton protocol for islet transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 28;355(13):1318-30.
Skyler JS. Cellular therapy for type 1 diabetes: has the time come? JAMA. 2007 Apr 11;297(14):1599-600.
Vardi M, Nini A. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24(1):CD002187.
Voltarelli JC, Couri CE, Stracieri AB, Oliveira MC, Moraes DA, Pieroni F, et al. Autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2007 Apr 11;297(14):1568-76.
Writing Group for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group , Dabelea D, Bell RA, D'Agostino RB, Imperatore G, Johansen JM, et al. Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States. JAMA. 2007 Jun 27;297(24):2716-24.
- Reviewed last on: 5/5/2009
- Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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