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Colon and rectal cancers

Description

An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of colorectal cancer.

Alternative Names

Colorectal cancer

Treatment for Metastasized Colorectal Cancer

The liver is the most frequent site for colorectal cancers to spread (metastasized). Here, treatments may slow the spread of cancer and even prolong survival. Cure is very rare.

Surgery

When cancer has spread, surgery to remove or bypass obstructions in the intestine may be performed. In these circumstances, surgery is considered palliative in that it may improve symptoms but will not lead to cure. In rare cases, metastatic colon cancer may be cured with surgical removal of tumors in areas to which the cancer has spread, such as the liver, ovaries, and lung. The liver is the most common site of spread. Only selected patients may be eligible for such surgery, but in such patients, 5-year survival has been 25% or higher.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy may help improve symptoms and possibly prolong survival in metastasized colorectal cancers. Several investigational drugs are being tested. Doctors are also testing chemotherapy administered directly into the liver -- a treatment called hepatic arterial infusion (HAI). A 2006 study found that hepatic arterial infusion improves survival and quality of life for patients whose cancer has spread to the liver. The study indicated that HAI works better for these patients than chemotherapy delivered intravenously.

Other Techniques

Other investigative techniques used to destroy liver tumors include:

• Cryosurgery. This approach freezes the tumor or surrounding tissue.
• Embolization. Embolization employs a catheter to deliver substances into the liver that block blood vessels and therefore starve the tumor. Chemotherapy is often administered during this procedure.
• Radiation.

For end-stage cancer, hospice care is a compassionate option.

• Review Date: 3/6/2007
• Reviewed By: A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: Greg Juhn, M.T.P.W., David R. Eltz, Kelli A. Stacy. Previously reviewed by Harvey Simon, M.D., Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital (9/1/2006).

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