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Immunizations
Description
An in-depth report on the purpose of immunizations and recommended schedules.
Alternative Names
Measles; Rubella; Tetanus; Vaccinations; Whooping cough
Haemophilus Type B
Haemophilus influenzae ( H. influenzae) type B is a bacterium, which, despite its name, is entirely different from the viruses that cause influenza (the flu). Before vaccination, H. influenzae type B (Hib) was the most common cause of childhood bacterial meningitis, killing 600 American children every year and leaving others deaf, mentally retarded, or epileptic. It is rarely troublesome for adults, although it can be dangerous for anyone with chronic lung disease and those susceptible to infections.
This is a gram stain of spinal fluid from a person with meningitis. The rod-like organisms seen in the fluid are Haemophilus influenza, one of the most common causes of childhood meningitis (prior to the widespread use of the H. influenza vaccine). The large red-colored objects are cells in the spinal fluid. A vaccine to prevent infection by Haemophilus influenza (type B) is available as one of the routine childhood immunizations (Hib), typically given at 2, 4 and 12 months.
Vaccine for Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
Three equally effective inactivated bacterial vaccines are available for H. influenzae type B (commonly called Hib vaccines). All children under 5 should be vaccinated against H. influenzae . The vaccine is administered as an injection at 2 and 4 months. Depending on the vaccination preparation, a third in the series is administered at 6 months. A booster is required at some time between 12 and 15 months of age.
In children older than 15 and 18 months, the Hib and DTaP vaccines are being combined in a single injection. Of note: evidence suggests that in infants, this combined vaccine using acellular pertussis (the current DTaP standard) is less effective in protecting against Hib than one that uses the older form with whole cell pertussis. The booster at 1 year should help maintain protection, however.
The Hib vaccine may benefit older people who have had their spleen removed or illnesses that put them at risk for pneumonia, including sickle cell disease, leukemia, and HIV infection.
Side Effects of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccine
Side effects of the Hib vaccine include redness and pain at the injection site, moderate fever, and, in rare cases, weakness, nausea, and dizziness.
- Review Date: 2/14/2007
- Reviewed By: A.D.A.M. Editorial: Greg Juhn, M.T.P.W., David R. Eltz, Kelli A. Stacy; previously reviewed by Harvey Simon, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital (8/23/2006).
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