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• Highlights
• Introduction
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Conditions with Similar Symptoms
• Screening and Diagnosis
• Tests to Determine Severity of Cancer
• Staging and Grading
• Treatment Options by Staging and Grading
• Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer
• Surgery
• Radiation Treatments
• Options if Treatments Fail
• Other Treatments
• Resources
• References

Prostate cancer

Description

An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of prostate cancer.

References

Albertsen PC, Hanley JA, Fine J. 20-year outcomes following conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA . 2005;293(17):2095-2101.

Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M, Haggman M, Andersson SO, Bratell S, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med . 2005;35(19):1977-1984.

Concato J, Wells CK, Horwitz RI, Penson D, Fincke G, Berlowitz DR, et al. The effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer: a nested case-control study. Arch Intern Med . 2006;166(1):38-43.

D'Amico AV, Renshaw AA, Sussman B, Chen MH. Pretreatment PSA velocity and risk of death from prostate cancer following external beam radiation therapy. JAMA . 2005;294(4):440-447.

Freedland SJ, Humphreys EB, Mangold LA, Eisenberger M, Dorey FJ, Walsh PC, et al. Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA . 2005;294(4):433-439.

Giovannucci EL, Liu Y, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of physical activity and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Arch Intern Med . 2005;165(9):1005-1010.

Shahinian VB, Kuo Y-F, Freeman JL, Goodwin JS. Determinants of androgen deprivation therapy use for prostate cancer: role of the urologist. J Natl Cancer Inst . 2006;98(12):839-845.

Tomlins SA, Mehra R, Rhodes DR, Smith LR, Roulston D, Helgeson BE, et al. TMPRSS2:ETV4 gene fusions define a third molecular subtype of prostate cancer. Cancer Res . 2006;66(7):3396-3400.

Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S, Dhanasekaran SM, Mehra R, Sun XW, et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science . 2005;310(5748):644-8.

Warlick C, Trock BJ, Landis P, Epstein JI, Carter HB. Delayed versus immediate surgical intervention and prostate cancer outcome. J Natl Cancer Inst . 2006;98(5):355-357.

• Review Date: 7/9/2006
• Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, M.D., Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.

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